Share Pooling Crypto In The UK: How To Calculate Crypto Gains
HMRC considers crypto as an asset with specific share pooling rules to calculate capital gains. Discover the tax implications of share pooling crypto in the UK.
Written byPayam Masood · Head of Content and Social Media - Kryptos
The 30-day rule applies when you sell crypto and buy the same assets back within 30 days. Here, you will calculate the cost basis of the disposed of tokens using the FIFO method.
What is the Section 104 holding rule?
Under this rule, you should calculate the cost basis of a given pool of assets using the average cost basis method. It is then used to calculate your capital gains or losses. The s104 pool is the total of all the crypto assets that don’t fall under the same-day or 30-day rule.
What is the same-day crypto rule?
When you dispose of and acquire tokens on the same day, you will use the average cost basis of all the tokens purchased on that day and the average sale price to calculate your capital gains or loss. The disposal crypto amount is matched with the purchased amount to determine gains or losses, before applying the Section 104 holding to the excess tokens.
The HMRC recognises crypto as an asset which means individuals need to pay capital gains taxes on any profit made on its disposal. To do this, HMRC has defined clear guidelines on how to calculate your crypto taxes in the UK.
In this article, we’ll discuss the laws set by HMRC for calculating your capital gains including Share Pooling, Same Day rule, and 30 Day rule. To learn more about UK taxes, refer to our UK Crypto Tax Guide.
What Is Share Pooling Crypto?
Share pooling, also called share matching, is a UK-specific cost-basis method defined by HMRC to calculate crypto taxes for similar tokens. Instead of calculating the capital gain or loss for individual transactions, the same type of crypto is kept in a ‘pool’ (or section 104 pool).
The cost basis for each crypto token acquired at different points of time goes into the pool to create the ‘pooled allowable cost’. This is used to calculate the capital gains or losses when you sell some of the assets in the pool.
Please note that the HMRC describes NFTs as “separately identifiable” so they are not pooled.
How To Calculate Capital Gains Using Share Pooling Rules?
To determine crypto taxes using a share pooling cost basis, you need to consider the following three rules.
The Same Day Rule
The 30 Day Rule, also called Bed and Breakfasting Rule
Section 104 Holding
The Same Day Rule
When you dispose and acquire tokens on the same day, you will use the average cost basis of all the tokens purchased on that day and the average sale price to calculate your capital gains or loss.
All the acquired tokens are treated in a single transaction
All the token disposals are treated in a single transaction
Your cost basis is the average of all the purchases you make on the day The acquired tokens are matched with the disposed of quantity as much as possible to avoid sending them into the section 104 pool.
If the disposed of tokens exceeds the acquired quantity, the excess tokens will be considered for the second rule – the 30 day rule.
Let’s consider an example to understand this better.
Noah acquired 1.2 bitcoin for £7000 in November 2019 and 0.3 bitcoin for £2300 in April 2020.
It is considered that Noah has a single section 104 holding of (1.2+0.3) = 1.5 bitcoin and a total allowable cost of £9300 for the pool.
Average cost basis: 9300/1.5 = £6200/ bitcoin
Now, Noah sells 0.5 bitcoin for £5000 in October 2022. He buys back 0.3 bitcoin on the same day for £2900. Here, the Same Day rule gets applied.
The acquired tokens are matched with the disposed of quantity first and then applied to the shared pool.
Cost basis (of acquired tokens falling under same day rule): £2900
Total cost basis (considered for calculating capital gain or loss): £ (2900+ 1240) = £4140
So, the capital gains realized (Selling price - cost basis): £ (5000 - 4140) = £860
The 30 Day Rule (or, Bed and Breakfasting Rule)
When you dispose of tokens and then acquire the same type, in the same quantity within the next 30 days, you will calculate the cost basis of the disposed of tokens using the FIFO method. This is also called the ‘bed and breakfasting’ rule.
This rule prevents investors from using the crypto ‘wash sale’ – where the crypto is sold at a lower price to realize a capital loss but is repurchased to maintain the asset quantity while avoiding crypto taxes.
If the disposal quantity is more than the number of acquired tokens within 30 days, the remaining assets are considered in the section 104 rule.
Let’s use the above example of Noah to understand this.
Noah purchases 1.2 bitcoin for £7000 in November 2019 and 0.3 bitcoin for £2300 in April 2020.
So, Noah has a single section 104 holding of (1.2+0.3) = 1.5 bitcoin and a total allowable cost of £9300 for the pool.
Average cost basis: 9300/1.5 = £6200/ bitcoin
Now, Noah sells 0.5 bitcoin for £5000 in October 2022. He buys back 0.3 bitcoin on the same day for £2900. Here, the Same Day rule gets applied.
The acquired tokens are matched with the disposal quantity before sending the excess to the 30-day rule or the section 104 pool, whichever is applicable.
Cost basis (of acquired tokens falling under same day rule): £2900
However, he also purchases 0.1 bitcoin for £850 10 days later. This transaction falls under the 30 day rule.
Cost basis (of acquired tokens falling under 30 day rule): £850
Cost basis ( of remaining 0.1 bitcoin falling under s104 pool): (0.1 * 6200) = £620
Total cost basis: (2900+850+620) = £4370
So, the capital gains earned by Noah: (5000 - 4370) = £630
Section 104 Holding Rule
Under this rule, you should calculate the cost basis of a given pool of assets using the average cost basis method. This is then used to calculate your capital gains or losses.
To calculate the average cost basis of the pooled assets, find out the total cost basis of all the crypto before disposal and divide it by the number of the assets
To calculate your sale price, multiply the average cost basis by the number of disposed of crypto
Use it to calculate your capital gain or loss for the given crypto pool
The s104 pool is the total of all the crypto assets that doesn’t fall under the same day or 30 day rule. The same crypto assets are considered to be in the same pool.
Summarising The Share Pooling Process
Here’s the step-by-step process as defined by HMRC:
If you dispose of crypto and then buy it back, in the same quantity, within the next 30 days, then the same day rule is applied first if applicable
The remaining acquired tokens to which the 30 day rule applies are matched to the disposed of tokens and don’t go into the s104 pool
If the quantity of tokens acquired exceeds the disposed of quantity in the next 30 days, the excess goes into the section 104 pool.
How Kryptos Can Help Calculate Your UK Crypto Taxes
While the above-stated rules look straightforward, keeping track of multiple transactions for different asset pools can quickly turn complicated.
Kryptos’s crypto tax calculator automatically does this all for you in a matter of minutes.
All you need to do is:
Go to the settings and choose your base currency, country and cost basis method.
Import your transactions and let Kryptos do the calculations for you
You can view and manage your DeFi portfolio to gain better clarity on your tax position, and generate UK-specific reports that comply with HMRC rules.
The 30-day rule applies when you sell crypto and buy the same assets back within 30 days. Here, you will calculate the cost basis of the disposed of tokens using the FIFO method.
2. What is the Section 104 holding rule?
Under this rule, you should calculate the cost basis of a given pool of assets using the average cost basis method. It is then used to calculate your capital gains or losses. The s104 pool is the total of all the crypto assets that don’t fall under the same-day or 30-day rule.
3. What is the same-day crypto rule?
When you dispose of and acquire tokens on the same day, you will use the average cost basis of all the tokens purchased on that day and the average sale price to calculate your capital gains or loss. The disposal crypto amount is matched with the purchased amount to determine gains or losses, before applying the Section 104 holding to the excess tokens.
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